如何投資中國消費(fèi)熱潮（中英雙語）

青島希尼爾翻譯公司（www.uxiaohua.cn）整理發(fā)布2015-10-30

希尼爾翻譯公司（www.uxiaohua.cn）2015年10月30日了解到：本周公布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，第三季度中國經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)出同比增長6.9%，這是自全球金融危機(jī)以來最緩慢的增長。China’s economic output increased by 6.9 per cent inthe third quarter, year-on-year — its most sluggishperformance since the global financial crisis — according to data published this week.

ut behind this lacklustre number, China’s consumers are spending more and the job marketappears robust (see charts), which makes certain sectors of the economy a potentiallyattractive investment.
但是，在低迷的數(shù)字背后，中國的消費(fèi)者支出日益增長，就業(yè)市場看起來很健康(見下面兩個(gè)圖表)，這使得中國經(jīng)濟(jì)中的某些行業(yè)潛在地具有投資吸引力。
Five years ago, China achieved double-digit growth, which the government created by pouringdebt into new railways, roads and bridges and allowing abundant credit to create a propertybubble.
5年前，由于政府通過舉債大力興建鐵路、公路和橋梁，允許大量信貸在房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)滋生泡沫，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)增速達(dá)到了兩位數(shù)。
While the stimulus investing has slowed, China’s retailers, travel and tourism groups andpassenger transport companies that make up the so-called service sector are still doing well.This services sector grew 8.6 per cent year-on-year, in the third quarter, up from 8.4 per centin the first half.
盡管刺激性投資已經(jīng)放緩，中國的零售商、旅行和旅游組織以及客運(yùn)公司——它們屬于所謂的服務(wù)業(yè)——仍然運(yùn)行良好。第三季度，服務(wù)業(yè)產(chǎn)值同比增長8.6%，增速較上半年的8.4%有所加快。
“The Chinese economy is undoubtedly shifting towards consumption,” said Julian EvansPritchard, analyst at Capital Economics. “Chinese statistics can be unreliable, but on a numberof measures we monitor, from passenger rail transport to the distances people are travelling,to air travel to courier services to electricity consumption, the services sector is healthy.”
“中國經(jīng)濟(jì)毫無疑問正在向消費(fèi)轉(zhuǎn)變，”凱投宏觀(Capital Economics)的分析師朱利安埃文斯-普里查德(JulianEvans-Pritchard)稱，“中國的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字或許不可靠，但是根據(jù)我們監(jiān)測的許多指標(biāo)——從鐵路客運(yùn)到人們外出旅游的路程長短，從航空旅行到快遞服務(wù)和用電——服務(wù)業(yè)正處于健康狀態(tài)?！?span id="cbtowuex7b5" class="style43">
Why is China’s services sector doing relatively well?
中國服務(wù)業(yè)為何表現(xiàn)相對良好?
With little in the way of a traditional welfare state, China has long been a nation of savers. Butspending on non-essential goods and services has been on the rise. Caravan parks aregrowing in popularity, while China accounted for $4.8bn of box office receipts last year,according to the Motion Picture Association of America. The government has also thrown itsweight behind leisure spending as it helps rebalance the economy away from investment. InJuly, Chinese state news agency Xinhua publicised a “camping market” in the hills outside thewestern Chinese city of Chongqing, where stallholders sell goods, from “designer weddingdresses to Spanish wine,” from their tents.
與傳統(tǒng)的福利國家不同，中國長久以來一直是儲(chǔ)蓄國。但是，中國消費(fèi)者在非必需商品和服務(wù)上的支出一直處于上升態(tài)勢。房車營地日益流行。據(jù)美國電影協(xié)會(huì)(Motion Picture Association of America)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，去年中國的電影票房收入達(dá)到48億美元。中國政府也在大力支持休閑性消費(fèi)，因?yàn)檫@有助于中國經(jīng)濟(jì)再平衡，減少對投資的依賴。7月，中國國家通訊社新華社對西部城市重慶郊外山區(qū)的“宿營市場”進(jìn)行了報(bào)道，那里的商販在帳篷中出售從“設(shè)計(jì)師婚紗到西班牙紅酒”等各式商品。
Ok, so how do I invest in that?
好吧，那么我如何在這方面投資?
That is the hard part. Because of weak accounting and corporate governance standards inChina, and the risk that a company or an entire industry can suddenly fall out of favour with theCommunist Party leadership, buying shares in Chinese companies is a high-risk activity.
難點(diǎn)就在這里。由于中國的會(huì)計(jì)及公司治理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)較不完善，而且一家企業(yè)乃至整個(gè)行業(yè)都有可能突然失寵于共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層，因此購買中國公司的股票是一項(xiàng)高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資。
Gome provides a case study in what can go wrong. The electricals retailer was founded byHuang Guangyu, an entrepreneur who was once China’s richest man. He is now one of thecountry’s richest prisoners, having been jailed in 2010 for 14 years for insider trading andbribery, which are punishments that China’s politically controlled courts impose selectively.The company remains in good health, and superficially offers a good consumer growth story,as more Chinese households are buying washing machines and fridges. But in July, Gome’sshares plunged 15 per cent in a day after the retailer bought some assets from the jailed MrHuang at what analysts said was an inflated price.
國美電器(Gome)就是一個(gè)實(shí)例。這家電器零售商由黃光裕創(chuàng)立，他曾經(jīng)是中國首富。而如今，黃光裕成了中國最富有的囚犯之一，他于2010年因內(nèi)幕交易和賄賂而被判有期徒刑14年，這是受政治控制的中國法庭選擇性施加的懲罰。該公司如今仍然運(yùn)行良好，表面上看來是一個(gè)很好的消費(fèi)增長故事，因?yàn)樵絹碓蕉嗟闹袊彝ベ徺I洗衣機(jī)和冰箱。但是，7月國美從獄中的黃光裕手中購買了部分資產(chǎn)后，股價(jià)一天之內(nèi)暴跌了15%——據(jù)分析師表示，收購價(jià)格過高。
Can I invest in assets that track China consumer spending?
我可以投資追蹤中國消費(fèi)者支出的資產(chǎn)嗎?
Cautious investors can gain exposure to growth without actually investing in Chinese shares,though this used to be much easier. In the days of double-digit growth fuelled by fixed assetinvestment, global or Australian miners of materials such as copper and iron ore were apopular choice.
謹(jǐn)慎的投資者可以在不實(shí)際投資中國股票的情況下享受中國增長帶來的收益，盡管這在過去更加容易。在固定資產(chǎn)投資推動(dòng)中國經(jīng)濟(jì)兩位數(shù)增長的時(shí)代，全球尤其是澳大利亞開采銅、鐵礦石等資源的礦商都是熱門的投資選擇。
Tom Stevenson, Fidelity investment director, says it is worth looking at Japanese companiesthat benefit from growth in Chinese tourism, as Japan has better corporate governance andaccounting standards than less developed countries in Asia.
富達(dá)(Fidelity)投資總監(jiān)湯姆史蒂文森(Tom Stevenson)稱，可以看看受益于中國旅游發(fā)展的日本企業(yè)，因?yàn)槿毡镜墓局卫砑皶?huì)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高于亞洲較不發(fā)達(dá)國家。
Tempted by the weak yen, Chinese tourists have been flocking to Japan to buy basic goodsthey traditionally prefer purchasing abroad, such as vitamins, nappies and toilet seats. KaoCorporation, a Japanese group which makes a brand of nappies called Merries that are popularin China, is currently a darling of western asset managers. Its shares, however, reflect thatenthusiasm, currently trading on 32 times forecast earnings.
受日元貶值的吸引，中國游客蜂擁前往日本購買他們一般傾向于在海外購買的日常用品，如維生素、尿片和馬桶圈等。日本花王集團(tuán)(KaoCorporation)是在中國大受歡迎的尿片品牌妙而舒(Merries)的生產(chǎn)商，該集團(tuán)眼下正是西方資產(chǎn)管理公司的寵兒。然而，花王股票的預(yù)期市盈率達(dá)到32倍，這也反映出市場熱情。
Are there any managed funds I can use?
現(xiàn)在中國有我可以利用的管理基金嗎?
There are many, with scores of managers prioritising the consumer sector.
有很多，其中許多基金管理公司都很看重消費(fèi)領(lǐng)域。
China has humbled many a professional investor, though. A China fund run by Fidelity’sAnthony Bolton, who was considered a stockpicking guru in the UK, did less well than investorsexpected. When he retired two years ago, he admitted he had got many things wrong aboutthe market.
不過，很多專業(yè)投資者在中國遭遇慘敗。由富達(dá)的安東尼波頓(Anthony Bolton)在中國管理的一只基金，表現(xiàn)遜于投資者預(yù)期。波頓在英國被認(rèn)為是選股大師。兩年前退休時(shí)，他承認(rèn)對中國市場很多事情都想錯(cuò)了。
There are some managers of pan-Asian funds who are playing the Chinese consumer boomwithout owning too many risky Chinese companies. One is Angus Tulloch, who runs the FirstState Asia Pacific Leaders fund and whose second-biggest holding is Taiwan SemiconductorManufacturing Corp, a huge supplier of the chips that power Chinese smartphones. His third-largest is Hong Kong conglomerate CK Hutchison, which owns a clutch of retailers in theterritory, from drugstore Watsons to electricals chain Fortress, that are popular withshoppers visiting from mainland China.
現(xiàn)在有一些泛亞洲基金的經(jīng)理正在利用中國消費(fèi)熱潮，卻對高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的中國公司持股不多。杜樂奇(AngusTulloch)就是其中一位，他管理著First State Asia Pacific Leaders基金。他持有股份第二多的企業(yè)是臺(tái)積電(Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corp)。臺(tái)積電是助力中國智能手機(jī)行業(yè)發(fā)展的芯片的供應(yīng)商巨頭。杜樂奇持股第三多的是香港的長江和記實(shí)業(yè)(CK Hutchison Holdings)。長江和記在香港擁有眾多零售商，從藥店屈臣氏(Watsons)到電器連鎖商豐澤(Fortress)，這些零售商很受中國內(nèi)地來港購物者的青睞。
Mr Tulloch’s fund charges a hefty initial entry fee of 4 per cent, followed by a 1.6 per centannual fee. In the past 12 months it has returned minus 6.8 per cent. Trustnet, however,points out that Mr Tulloch has “over a long track record” outperformed his peers “more oftenthan not”.
杜樂奇的基金收取4%的高額入場費(fèi)，之后收取1.6%的年費(fèi)。在過去12個(gè)月中，該基金的回報(bào)率為-6.8%。然而，金融數(shù)據(jù)提供商TrustNet指出，依據(jù)“很長一段時(shí)間的記錄”，杜樂奇“經(jīng)?！迸苴A同行。
Are there any exchange traded funds?
有交易所交易基金(ETF)嗎?
Research has regularly shown that most active fund managers cannot beat the market, and ofcourse any star manager’s past performance is no indication of how they will fare in thefuture. Exchange-traded funds, which are lower-cost instruments that passively track abasket of stocks, are another option. According to the ETFDB database, there is one suchtracker available, the Global X China Consumer ETF. It is listed on the New York StockExchange, however, so British investors may want to seek advice from a stockbroker orfinancial adviser to decide whether it is suitable for them.
常有研究表明，最主動(dòng)的基金經(jīng)理無法打敗市場，當(dāng)然任何明星經(jīng)理過去的表現(xiàn)都不能代表他們未來的表現(xiàn)。被動(dòng)追蹤一籃子股票的低成本工具ETF，是另外一種選擇。ETFDB數(shù)據(jù)庫顯示，在中國有一個(gè)可供使用的此類工具——“中國消費(fèi)者指數(shù)ETF-Global X”。不過，該ETF在紐約證交所上市，因此英國投資者或許希望咨詢股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人或金融顧問，以決定該ETF是否適合他們。

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