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中華人民共和國法官法-中英對照法律英語
青島希尼爾翻譯公司 2016年8月3日整理發(fā)布
中華人民共和國法官法
JUDGES LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
第一章 總 則
CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS
第二章 職 責(zé)
CHAPTER II FUNCTIONS AND DUTIES
第三章 義務(wù)和權(quán)利
CHAPTER III OBLIGATIONS AND RIGHTS
第四章 法官的條件
CHAPTER IV QUALIFICATIONS FOR A JUDGE
第五章 任 免
CHAPTER V APPOINTMENT AND REMOVAL
第六章 任職回避
CHAPTER VI POSTS TO BE AVOIDED
第七章 法官的等級
CHAPTER VII GRADES OF JUDGES
第八章 考 核
CHAPTER VIII APPRAISAL
第九章 培 訓(xùn)
CHAPTER IX TRAINING
第十章 獎(jiǎng) 勵(lì)
CHAPTER X AWARDS
第十二章 工資保險(xiǎn)福利
CHAPTER XII SALARY, INSURANCE AND WELFARE
第十三章 辭職辭退
CHAPTER XIII RESIGNATION AND DISMISSAL
第十四章 退 休
CHAPTER XIV RETIREMENT
第十五章 申訴控告
CHAPTER XV PETITION AND COMPLAINT
第十六章 法官考評委員會(huì)
CHAPTER XVI COMMISSION FOR EXAMINATION AND ASSESSMENT OF JUDGES
第十七章 附 則
CHAPTER XVII SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS
第一章 總 則
CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS
第一條 為了保障人民法院依法獨(dú)立行使審判權(quán)，保障法官依法履行職責(zé)，提高法官的素質(zhì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)對法官的科學(xué)管理，根據(jù)憲法，制定本法。
Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution to ensure
that the People's Courts independently exercise judicial authority according to
law and that judges perform their functions and duties according to law, to
enhance the quality of judges, and to realize the scientific administration of
judges.
第二條
法官是依法行使國家審判權(quán)的審判人員，包括最高人民法院、地方各級人民法院和軍事法院等專門人民法院的院長、副院長、審判委員會(huì)委員、庭長、副庭長、審判員和助理審判員。
Article 2 Judges are the judicial personnel who exercise the judicial
authority of the State according to law, including presidents, vice presidents,
members of judicial committees, chief judges and associate chief judges of
divisions, judges and assistant judges of the Supreme People's Court, local
People's Courts at various levels and special People's Courts such as military
courts.
第三條 法官必須忠實(shí)執(zhí)行憲法和法律，全心全意為人民服務(wù)。
Article 3 Judges must faithfully implement the Constitution and laws, and
serve the people whole-heartedly.
第四條 法官依法履行職責(zé)，受法律保護(hù)。
Article 4 Judges, when performing their functions and duties according to law,
shall be protected by law.
第二章 職 責(zé)
CHAPTER II FUNCTIONS AND DUTIES
第五條 法官的職責(zé)：
Article 5 The functions and duties of judges are as follows:
?。ㄒ唬┮婪▍⒓雍献h庭審判或者獨(dú)任審判案件；
(1) to take part in a trial as a member of a collegial panel or to try a case
alone according to law; and
（二）法律規(guī)定的其他職責(zé)。
(2) to perform other functions and duties as provided by law.
第六條 院長、副院長、審判委員會(huì)委員、庭長、副庭長除履行審判職責(zé)外，還應(yīng)當(dāng)履行與其職務(wù)相適應(yīng)的職責(zé)。
Article 6 Presidents, vice presidents, members of judicial committees, chief
judges, associate chief judges of divisions shall, in addition to the judicial
functions and duties, perform other functions and duties commensurate with their
posts.
第三章 義務(wù)和權(quán)利
CHAPTER III OBLIGATIONS AND RIGHTS
第七條 法官應(yīng)當(dāng)履行下列義務(wù)：
Article 7 Judges shall perform the following obligations:
（一）嚴(yán)格遵守憲法和法律；
(1) to strictly observe the Constitution and laws;
?。ǘ徟邪讣仨氁允聦?shí)為根據(jù)，以法律為準(zhǔn)繩，秉公辦案，不得徇私枉法；
(2) to take facts as the basis, and laws as the criterion when trying cases,
to handle cases impartially, and not to bend law for personal gain;
?。ㄈ┮婪ūＵ显V訟參與人的訴訟權(quán)利；
(3) to protect the litigation rights of the participants in proceedings
according to law;
?。ㄋ模┚S護(hù)國家利益、公共利益，維護(hù)公民、法人和其他組織的合法權(quán)益；
(4) to safeguard the State interests and public interests, and to safeguard
the lawful rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other
organizations;
（五）清正廉明，忠于職守，遵守紀(jì)律；
(5) to be honest and clean, faithful in the discharge of duties, and to abide
by discipline;
?。┍Ｊ貒颐孛芎蛯徟泄ぷ髅孛?；
(6) to keep State secrets and the secrets of judicial work; and
?。ㄆ撸┙邮芊杀O(jiān)督和人民群眾監(jiān)督。
(7) to accept legal supervision and supervision by the masses.
第八條 法官享有下列權(quán)利：
Article 8 Judges shall enjoy the following rights:
（一）履行法官職責(zé)應(yīng)當(dāng)具有的職權(quán)和工作條件；
(1) to have the power and working conditions which are essential to the
performance of functions and duties of judges;
?。ǘ┮婪▽徟邪讣皇苄姓C(jī)關(guān)、社會(huì)團(tuán)體和個(gè)人的干涉；
(2) to brook no interference from administrative organs, public organizations
or individuals in trying cases according to law;
?。ㄈ┓且蚍ǘㄊ掠?、非經(jīng)法定程序，不被免職、降職、辭退或者處分；
(3) to be not removed or demoted from the post or dismissed, and to be not
given a sanction, without statutory basis and without going through statutory
procedures;
?。ㄋ模┇@得勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬，享受保險(xiǎn)、福利待遇；
(4) to be remunerated for work and to enjoy insurance and welfare benefits;
?。ㄎ澹┤松怼⒇?cái)產(chǎn)和住所安全受法律保護(hù)；
(5) to enjoy the safety of the person, property and residence as ensured by
law;
?。﹨⒓优嘤?xùn)；
(6) to receive training;
?。ㄆ撸┨岢錾暝V或者控告；
(7) to lodge petitions or complaints; and
?。ò耍┺o職。
(8) to resign their posts.
第四章 法官的條件
CHAPTER IV QUALIFICATIONS FOR A JUDGE
第九條 擔(dān)任法官必須具備下列條件：
Article 9 A judge must possess the following qualifications:
?。ㄒ唬┚哂兄腥A人民共和國國籍；
(1) to be of the nationality of the People's Republic of China;
?。ǘ┠隄M二十三歲；
(2) to have reached the age of 23;
（三）擁護(hù)中華人民共和國憲法；
(3) to endorse the Constitution of the People's Republic of China;
?。ㄋ模┯辛己玫恼?、業(yè)務(wù)素質(zhì)和良好的品行；
(4) to have fine political and professional quality and to be good in conduct;
?。ㄎ澹┥眢w健康；
(5) to be in good health; and
?。└叩仍盒７蓪I(yè)畢業(yè)或者高等院校非法律專業(yè)畢業(yè)具有法律專業(yè)知識，工作滿二年的；或者獲得法律專業(yè)學(xué)士學(xué)位，工作滿一年的；獲得法律專業(yè)碩士學(xué)位、法律專業(yè)博士學(xué)位的，可以不受上述工作年限的限制。
(6) to have worked for at least two years in the case of graduates from law
specialties of colleges or universities or from non-law specialties of colleges
or universities but possessing the professional knowledge of law; or to have
worked for at least one year in the case of Bachelors of Law; those who have
Master's Degree of Law or Doctor's Degree of Law may be not subject to the
abovementioned requirements for the number of years set for work.
本法施行前的審判人員不具備前款第（六）項(xiàng)規(guī)定的條件的，應(yīng)當(dāng)接受培訓(xùn)，在規(guī)定的期限內(nèi)達(dá)到本法規(guī)定的條件，具體辦法由最高人民法院制定。
The judicial personnel who do not possess the qualifications as provided by
sub-paragraph (6) of the preceding paragraph prior to the implementation of this
Law shall receive training so as to meet the qualifications as provided by this
Law within a prescribed time limit. The specific measures shall be laid down by
the Supreme People's Court.
第十條 下列人員不得擔(dān)任法官：
Article 10 The following persons shall not hold the post of a judge:
（一）曾因犯罪受過刑事處罰的；
(1) to have been subjected to criminal punishment for commission of a crime;
or
?。ǘ┰婚_除公職的。
(2) to have been discharged from public employment.
第五章 任 免
CHAPTER V APPOINTMENT AND REMOVAL
第十一條 法官職務(wù)的任免，依照憲法和法律規(guī)定的任免權(quán)限和程序辦理。
Article 11 A judge shall be appointed or removed from the post in accordance
with the limit of authority for, and procedures of, appointment or removal as
prescribed by the Constitution and laws.
最高人民法院院長由全國人民代表大會(huì)選舉和罷免，副院長、審判委員會(huì)委員、庭長、副庭長和審判員由最高人民法院院長提請全國人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)任免。
The President of the Supreme People's Court shall be elected or removed by the
National People's Congress. The vice-presidents, members of the judicial
committee, chief judges and associate chief judges of divisions and judges shall
be appointed or removed by the Standing Committee of the National People's
Congress upon the recommendation of the President of the Supreme People's Court.
地方各級人民法院院長由地方各級人民代表大會(huì)選舉和罷免，副院長、審判委員會(huì)委員、庭長、副庭長和審判員由本院院長提請本級人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)任免。
The presidents of the local People's Courts at various levels shall be elected
or removed by the local People's Congresses at various levels. The
vice-presidents, members of the judicial committees, chief judges and associate
chief judges of divisions and judges shall be appointed or removed by the
standing committees of the people's congresses at the corresponding levels upon
the recommendation of the presidents of those courts.
在省、自治區(qū)內(nèi)按地區(qū)設(shè)立的和在直轄市內(nèi)設(shè)立的中級人民法院院長，由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)根據(jù)主任會(huì)議的提名決定任免，
The appointment or removal of the presidents of the intermediate People's
Courts set up in prefectures of the provinces or autonomous regions or set up in
the municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be decided on by
the standing committees of the people's congresses of the provinces, autonomous
regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government on the basis of
the nominations made by the respective councils of chairmen.
副院長、審判委員會(huì)委員、庭長、副庭長和審判員由高級人民法院院長提請省、自治區(qū)、直轄市的人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)任免。
The vice- presidents, members of the judicial committees, chief judges and
associate chief judges of divisions and judges shall be appointed or removed by
the standing committees of the people's congresses of the provinces, autonomous
regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government upon the
recommendations of the presidents of the higher People's Courts.
在民族自治地方設(shè)立的地方各級人民法院院長，由民族自治地方各級人民代表大會(huì)選舉和罷免，
The presidents of the local People's Courts at various levels set up in the
national autonomous areas shall be elected or removed by the people's congresses
at various levels of the national autonomous areas.
副院長、審判委員會(huì)委員、庭長、副庭長和審判員由本院院長提請本級人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)任免。
The vice-presidents, members of the judicial committees, chief judges and
associate chief judges of divisions and judges shall be appointed or removed by
the standing committees of the people's congresses at the corresponding levels
upon the recommendations of the presidents of those courts.
人民法院的助理審判員由本院院長任免。
The assistant judges of the People's Courts shall be appointed or removed by
the presidents of the courts where they work.
軍事法院等專門人民法院院長、副院長、審判委員會(huì)委員、庭長、副庭長和審判員的任免辦法，由全國人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)另行規(guī)定。
The measures for the appointment or removal of the presidents, vice-
presidents, members of the judicial committees, chief judges and associate chief
judges of divisions and judges of the special People's Courts such as the
military courts shall be formulated by the Standing Committee of the National
People's Congress separately.
第十二條 初任審判員、助理審判員采用公開考試、嚴(yán)格考核的辦法，按照德才兼?zhèn)涞臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)，從具備法官條件的人員中擇優(yōu)提出人選。
Article 12 Persons to be appointed judges or assistant judges for the first
time shall be selected through public examination and strict appraisal, from
among the best qualified for the post, and in accordance with the standards of
having both ability and political integrity.
擔(dān)任院長、副院長、審判委員會(huì)委員、庭長、副庭長，應(yīng)當(dāng)從具有實(shí)際工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人員中擇優(yōu)提出人選。
Persons to be appointed presidents, vice-presidents, members of the judicial
committees, chief judges, associate chief judges of divisions shall be selected
from among those who are experienced in practical work.
第十三條 法官有下列情形之一的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法提請免除其職務(wù)：
Article 13 If a judge is found to be in any of the following circumstances, a
report shall be submitted according to law concerning the removal of his or her
post:
（一）喪失中華人民共和國國籍的；
(1) having forfeited the nationality of the People's Republic of China;
（二）調(diào)出本法院的；
(2) having been transferred out of this court;
?。ㄈ┞殑?wù)變動(dòng)不需要保留原職務(wù)的；
(3) having no need to maintain his or her original post after a change of
post;
（四）經(jīng)考核確定為不稱職的；
(4) being determined to be incompetent in the post through appraisal;
?。ㄎ澹┮蚪】翟蜷L期不能履行職務(wù)的；
(5) being unable to perform the functions and duties of a judge for a long
period of time due to poor health;
（六）退休的；
(6) having retired from the post;
?。ㄆ撸┺o職、辭退的；
(7) having resigned the post, or having been dismissed;
（八）因違紀(jì)、違法犯罪不能繼續(xù)任職的；
(8) being disqualified from continuing to hold the post because of violation
of discipline, law or commission of a crime; or
（九）因其他原因需要免職的。
(9) other circumstances that call for removal of the post.
第十四條 法官不得兼任人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)的組成人員，不得兼任行政機(jī)關(guān)、檢察機(jī)關(guān)以及企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位的職務(wù)，不得兼任律師。
Article 14 No judges may concurrently be members of the standing committees of
the people's congresses, or hold posts in administrative organs, procuratorial
organs, enterprises or institutions, or serve as lawyers.
第六章 任職回避
CHAPTER VI POSTS TO BE AVOIDED
第十五條 法官之間有夫妻關(guān)系、直系血親關(guān)系、三代以內(nèi)旁系血親以及近姻親關(guān)系的，不得同時(shí)擔(dān)任下列職務(wù)：
Article 15 Judges who are connected by husband-wife relationship, or who are
directly related by blood, collateral related within three generations, or
closely related by marriage may not, at the same time, hold the following posts:
?。ㄒ唬┩蝗嗣穹ㄔ旱脑洪L、副院長、審判委員會(huì)委員、庭長、副庭長；
(1) the president, vice-presidents, members of the judicial committee, chief
judges or associate chief judges of divisions in the same People's Court;
（二）同一人民法院的院長、副院長和審判員、助理審判員；
(2) the president, vice-presidents, judges or assistant judges in the same
People's Court;
（三）同一審判庭的庭長、副庭長、審判員、助理審判員；
(3) the chief judge, associate chief judges, judges or assistant judges in the
same division; or
（四）上下相鄰兩級人民法院的院長、副院長。
(4) presidents or vice-presidents of the People's Courts at the levels next to
each other.
第七章 法官的等級
CHAPTER VII GRADES OF JUDGES
第十六條 法官的級別分為十二級。
Article 16 Judges are divided into twelve grades.
最高人民法院院長為首席大法官，二至十二級法官分為大法官、高級法官、法官。
The President of the Supreme People's Court is the Chief Justice. Judges from
the second grade to the twelfth grade are composed of associate justices, senior
Judges and Judges.
第十七條 法官的等級的確定，以法官所任職務(wù)、德才表現(xiàn)、業(yè)務(wù)水平、審判工作實(shí)績和工作年限為依據(jù)。
Article 17 Grades of judges shall be determined on the basis of their posts,
their actual working ability and political integrity, their professional
competence, their achievements in judicial work and their seniority.
第十八條 法官的等級編制、評定和晉升辦法，由國家另行規(guī)定。
Article 18 The grades of judges shall be established and the measures for
their evaluation and promotion shall be formulated separately by the State.
第八章 考 核
CHAPTER VIII APPRAISAL
第十九條 對法官的考核，由所在人民法院組織實(shí)施。
Article 19 Appraisal of judges shall be conducted by the People's Courts the
judges belong to.
第二十條 對法官的考核，應(yīng)當(dāng)客觀公正，實(shí)行領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和群眾相結(jié)合，平時(shí)考核和年度考核相結(jié)合。
Article 20 The appraisal of judges shall be carried out objectively and
impartially, through the combined efforts of the leaders and masses, and
routinely and annually.
第二十一條 對法官的考核內(nèi)容包括：審判工作實(shí)績，思想品德，審判業(yè)務(wù)和法學(xué)理論水平，工作態(tài)度和審判作風(fēng)。重點(diǎn)考核審判工作實(shí)績。
Article 21 The appraisal of judges shall include their achievements in
judicial work, their ideological level and moral characters, their competence in
judicial work and their mastery of law theories, their attitude in and style of
work. However, emphasis shall be laid on the achievements in judicial work.
第二十二條 年度考核結(jié)果分為優(yōu)秀、稱職、不稱職三個(gè)等次。
Article 22 The results of the annual appraisal shall fall into three grades:
excellent, competent and incompetent.
考核結(jié)果作為對法官獎(jiǎng)懲、培訓(xùn)、辭退以及調(diào)整等級和工資的依據(jù)。
The result of appraisal shall be taken as the basis for award, punishment,
training, dismissal of a judge, and for readjustment of his or her grade and
salary.
第二十三條 考核結(jié)果以書面形式通知本人。本人對考核結(jié)果如有異議，可以申請復(fù)議。
Article 23 A judge shall be informed of the result of the appraisal in written
form. If the judge disagrees with the result, he or she may apply for
reconsideration.
第九章 培 訓(xùn)
CHAPTER IX TRAINING
第二十四條 對法官應(yīng)當(dāng)有計(jì)劃地進(jìn)行理論培訓(xùn)和業(yè)務(wù)培訓(xùn)。
Article 24 Theoretical and professional training for judges shall be carried
out in a planned way.
法官的培訓(xùn)，貫徹理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際、按需施教、講求實(shí)效的原則。
The principles of integrating theory with practice, giving lectures in light
of the needs, and emphasizing practical results shall be applied in the training
of judges.
第二十五條 國家法官院校和其他法官培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)按照有關(guān)規(guī)定承擔(dān)培訓(xùn)法官的任務(wù)。
Article 25 The judges colleges and universities of the State and other
institutions for training judges shall, in accordance with the relevant
regulations, undertake the task of training judges.
第二十六條 法官在培訓(xùn)期間的學(xué)習(xí)成績和鑒定，作為其任職、晉升的依據(jù)之一。
Article 26 The results of the studies of judges and the appraisals made during
their training shall be taken as one of the bases for their appointment and
promotion.
第十章 獎(jiǎng) 勵(lì)
CHAPTER X AWARDS
第二十七條 法官在審判工作中有顯著成績和貢獻(xiàn)的，或者有其他突出事跡的，應(yīng)當(dāng)給予獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。
Article 27 Judges who have made significant achievements and contribu- tions
in judicial work, or performed other outstanding deeds shall be rewarded.
對法官的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，實(shí)行精神鼓勵(lì)和物質(zhì)鼓勵(lì)相結(jié)合的原則。
The principle of combining moral encouragement with material reward shall be
applied in rewarding judges.
第二十八條 法官有下列表現(xiàn)之一的，應(yīng)當(dāng)給予獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)：
Article 28 Judges who have any of the following achievements to their credit
shall be rewarded:
?。ㄒ唬┰趯徖戆讣斜珗?zhí)法，成績顯著的；
(1) having achieved notable successes in enforcing laws and handling cases
impartially;
?。ǘ┛偨Y(jié)審判實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)成果突出，對審判工作有指導(dǎo)作用的；
(2) having accumulated rich experience in judicial practice that may serve as
a guide in judicial work;
?。ㄈ徟泄ぷ魈岢龈母锝ㄗh被采納，效果顯著的；
(3) having made proposals for the reform of judicial work that have been
adopted and have produced remarkable results;
?。ㄋ模┍Ｗo(hù)國家、集體和人民利益，使其免受重大損失，事跡突出的；
(4) having performed outstanding deeds in safeguarding the interests of the
State, the collective and the people against heavy losses;
?。ㄎ澹┯掠谕`法犯罪行為作斗爭，事跡突出的；
(5) having performed outstanding deeds by bravely fighting against illegal or
criminal acts;
?。┨岢鏊痉ńㄗh被采納或者開展法制宣傳、指導(dǎo)人民調(diào)解委員會(huì)工作，效果顯著的；
(6) having made judicial proposals that have been adopted, and have produced
remarkable results, or having scored outstanding successes in publicizing the
importance of the legal system and guiding the work of the people's mediation
committees;
（七）保護(hù)國家秘密和審判工作秘密，有顯著成績的；
(7) having scored outstanding achievements in protecting State secrets and
secrets of judicial work; or
（八）有其他功績的。
(8) having performed other meritorious deeds.
第二十九條 獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)分為：嘉獎(jiǎng)，記三等功、二等功、一等功，授予榮譽(yù)稱號。
Article 29 The awards include: Citation for Meritorious Deeds, Merit Citation
Class III, Merit Citation Class II, Merit Citation Class I, and a title of
honour.
獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的權(quán)限和程序按照有關(guān)規(guī)定辦理。
The awards shall be authorized and procedures gone through in accordance with
the relevant regulations.
第十一章 懲 戒
CHAPTER XI PUNISHMENT
第三十條 法官不得有下列行為：
Article 30 No judges may commit any of the following acts:
（一）散布有損國家聲譽(yù)的言論，參加非法組織，參加旨在反對國家的集會(huì)、游行、示威等活動(dòng)，參加罷工；
(1) to spread statements damaging the prestige of the State; to join illegal
organizations; to take part in such activities as assembly, procession and
demonstration against the State; and to participate in strikes;
?。ǘ┴澪凼苜V；
(2) to embezzle money or accept bribes;
?。ㄈ┽咚酵鞣?；
(3) to bend law for personal gain;
?。ㄋ模┬逃嵄乒?；
(4) to extort confessions by torture;
（五）隱瞞證據(jù)或者偽造證據(jù)；
(5) to conceal or falsify evidence;
?。┬孤秶颐孛芑蛘邔徟泄ぷ髅孛?；
(6) to divulge State secrets or secrets of judicial work;
?。ㄆ撸E用職權(quán)，侵犯公民、法人或者其他組織的合法權(quán)益；
(7) to abuse functions and powers; and to infringe upon the legitimate rights
and interests of citizens, legal persons or other organizations;
?。ò耍┩婧雎毷?，造成錯(cuò)案或者給當(dāng)事人造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p失；
(8) to neglect his or her duty so as to wrongly judge a case or to cause heavy
losses to the party concerned;
?。ň牛┕室馔涎愚k案，貽誤工作；
(9) to intentionally delay the handling of a case so as to affect the work
adversely;
?。ㄊ├寐殭?quán)為自己或者他人謀取私利；
(10) to take advantage of the functions and powers to seek gain for himself or
herself or other people;
?。ㄊ唬氖聽I利性的經(jīng)營活動(dòng)；
(11) to engage in profit-making activities;
?。ㄊ┧阶詴?huì)見當(dāng)事人及其代理人，接受當(dāng)事人及其代理人的請客送禮；
(12) to meet the party concerned or his or her agent without authorization and
attend dinners or accept presents given by the party concerned or his or her
agent; or
?。ㄊ┢渌`法亂紀(jì)的行為。
(13) to commit other acts in violation of law or discipline.
第三十一條 法官有本法第三十條所列行為之一的，應(yīng)當(dāng)給予處分；構(gòu)成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責(zé)任。
Article 31 A judge who has committed any of the acts listed in Article 30 of
this Law shall be given sanctions; if the case constitutes a crime, he or she
shall be investigated for criminal responsibility.
第三十二條 處分分為：警告、記過、記大過、降級、撤職、開除。
Article 32 Sanctions include a disciplinary warning, a demerit recorded, a
grave demerit recorded, demotion, dismissal from the post and discharge from
public employment.
受撤職處分的，同時(shí)降低工資和等級。
The salary of a judge who has been dismissed from the post shall at the same
time be reduced and his or her grade be demoted.
第三十三條 處分的權(quán)限和程序按照有關(guān)規(guī)定辦理。
Article 33 A sanction shall be authorized and procedures gone through in
accordance with the relevant regulations
第十二章 工資保險(xiǎn)福利
CHAPTER XII SALARY, INSURANCE AND WELFARE
第三十四條 法官的工資制度和工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，根據(jù)審判工作特點(diǎn)，由國家規(guī)定。
Article 34 The salary system and scales for judges shall, in light of the
characteristics of judicial work, be formulated by the State.
第三十五條 法官實(shí)行定期增資制度。
Article 35 The system under which the salaries of judges are increased
regularly shall be practised.
經(jīng)考核確定為優(yōu)秀、稱職的，可以按照規(guī)定晉升工資；有特殊貢獻(xiàn)的，可以按照規(guī)定提前晉升工資。
The salary of a judge who has been confirmed through appraisal as being
excellent or competent may be raised in accordance with the regulations; the
salary of a judge who has made special contributions may be raised in advance in
accordance with regulations.
第三十六條 法官享受國家規(guī)定的審判津貼、地區(qū)津貼、其他津貼以及保險(xiǎn)和福利待遇。
Article 36 Judges shall enjoy judicial allowances, regional allowances and
other allowances and insurance and welfare benefits as prescribed by the State.
第十三章 辭職辭退
CHAPTER XIII RESIGNATION AND DISMISSAL
第三十七條 法官要求辭職，應(yīng)當(dāng)由本人提出書面申請，依照法律規(guī)定的程序免除其職務(wù)。
Article 37 If a judge requests resignation, he or she shall present an
application in written form before he or she shall be removed in accordance with
the procedures as provided by law.
第三十八條 法官有下列情形之一的，可以予以辭退：
Article 38 A judge may be dismissed if he or she is found to be in any of the
following circumstances:
?。ㄒ唬┰谀甓瓤己酥?，連續(xù)兩年確定為不稱職的；
(1) to be confirmed by annual appraisal as being incompetent for two
successive years;
?。ǘ┎粍偃维F(xiàn)職工作，又不接受另行安排的；
(2) to be unqualified for the present post and decline to accept other
assignments;
?。ㄈ┮?qū)徟袡C(jī)構(gòu)調(diào)整或者縮減編制員額需要調(diào)整工作，本人拒絕合理安排的；
(3) to refuse to accept reasonable transfer, which is necessitated by
restructuring of the judicial organ or reduction of the size of the staff;
?。ㄋ模绻せ蛘邿o正當(dāng)理由逾假不歸連續(xù)超過十五天，或者一年內(nèi)累計(jì)超過三十天的；
(4) to have stayed away from work without leave or to have overstayed his or
her leave for fifteen days or more in succession, or for thirty days or more in
a year aggregated; or
?。ㄎ澹┎宦男蟹ü倭x務(wù)，經(jīng)教育仍不改正的。
(5) to fail to perform a judge's duty, and make no rectification after
criticism.
第三十九條 辭退法官應(yīng)當(dāng)依照法律規(guī)定的程序免除其職務(wù)。
Article 39 A judge who is dismissed shall be removed from the post in cordance
with the procedures as provided by law.
第十四章 退 休
CHAPTER XIV RETIREMENT
第四十條 法官的退休制度，根據(jù)審判工作特點(diǎn)，由國家另行規(guī)定。
Article 40 The retirement system regarding judges shall, in light of the
characteristics of judicial work, be formulated separately by the State.
第四十一條 法官退休后，享受國家規(guī)定的養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)金和其他待遇。
Article 41 After retirement judges shall enjoy the insurance of oldage pension
and other benefits as prescribed by the State.
第十五章 申訴控告
CHAPTER XV PETITION AND COMPLAINT
第四十二條 法官對人民法院關(guān)于本人的處分不服，自收到處分決定之日起三十日內(nèi)可以向原處理機(jī)關(guān)申請復(fù)議，并有權(quán)向原處理機(jī)關(guān)的上級機(jī)關(guān)申訴。
Article 42 If a judge disagrees with the sanction given to him or her by a
People's Court, he or she may, within thirty days from the date of receiving the
decision on the sanction, apply for reconsideration to the organ which handled
the case and shall have the right to appeal to the organ at a level higher than
the organ which handled the case.
受理申訴的機(jī)關(guān)必須按照規(guī)定作出處理。
The organ that receives the appeal must make a decision on it in accordance
with regulations.
復(fù)議和申訴期間，不停止對法官處分決定的執(zhí)行。
Execution of a decision on a sanction given to a judge shall not be suspended
during the period of reconsideration or petition.
第四十三條 對于國家機(jī)關(guān)及其工作人員侵犯本法第八條規(guī)定的法官權(quán)利的行為，法官有權(quán)提出控告。
Article 43 If a State organ or any of its functionaries commits an act
infringing upon the rights of a judge as provided by Article 8 of this Law, the
judge shall have the right to make a complaint.
行政機(jī)關(guān)、社會(huì)團(tuán)體或者個(gè)人干涉法官依法審判案件的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法追究其責(zé)任。
If an administrative organ, a public organization or an individual interferes
in a case that a judge is trying according to law, that organ, organization or
individual shall be investigated for responsibility according to law.
第四十四條 法官提出申訴和控告，應(yīng)當(dāng)實(shí)事求是。對捏造事實(shí)、誣告陷害的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法追究其責(zé)任。
Article 44 The petition or complaint made by a judge shall be true to facts.
If a judge makes up a story or lodges a false accusation against an innocent
person, he or she shall be investigated for responsibility according to law.
第四十五條 對法官處分錯(cuò)誤的，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)予以糾正；造成名譽(yù)損害的，應(yīng)當(dāng)恢復(fù)名譽(yù)、消除影響、賠禮道歉；
Article 45 Where a sanction given to a judge is wrong, it shall be put right
without delay; if it has damaged the judge's reputation, the reputation shall be
rehabilitated, the ill effects shall be eliminated and an apology shall be made;
造成經(jīng)濟(jì)損失的，應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償。對打擊報(bào)復(fù)的直接責(zé)任人員，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法追究責(zé)任。
if it has caused financial losses to the judge, compensations shall be made.
The persons who are directly responsible for retaliation shall be investigated
for responsibility according to law.
第十六章 法官考評委員會(huì)
CHAPTER XVI COMMISSION FOR EXAMINATION AND ASSESSMENT OF JUDGES
第四十六條 人民法院設(shè)法官考評委員會(huì)。
Article 46 A People's Court shall establish a commission for examination and
assessment of judges.
法官考評委員會(huì)的職責(zé)是指導(dǎo)對法官的培訓(xùn)、考核、評議工作。具體辦法另行規(guī)定。
The functions and duties of a commission for examination and assessment of
judges are to guide the training, examination, appraisal and assessment of
judges. Specific measures therefor shall be formulated separately.
最高人民法院法官考評委員會(huì)依照本法第十二條的規(guī)定，組織初任審判員、助理審判員的全國統(tǒng)一考試。
The commission for examination and assessment of judges of the Supreme
People's Court shall, in accordance with the provisions of Article 12 of this
Law, organize unified national examination for judges and assistant judges to be
appointed as such for the first time.
第四十七條 法官考評委員會(huì)的組成人員為五至九人。
Article 47 The number of persons on a commission for examination and
assessment of judges shall be five to nine.
法官考評委員會(huì)主任由本院院長擔(dān)任。
The chairman of a commission for examination and assessment of judges shall be
assumed by the president of the court it belongs to.
第十七章 附 則
CHAPTER XVII SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS
第四十八條 對人民法院的執(zhí)行員，參照本法有關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行管理。
Article 48 The executors of the People's Courts shall be administered with
reference to the relevant provisions of this Law.
人民法院的書記員的管理辦法，由最高人民法院制定。
Measures for the administration of the clerks of the People's Courts shall be
formulated by the Supreme People's Court.
對人民法院的司法行政人員，依照國家有關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行管理。
The administrative judicial personnel of the People's Courts shall be
administered in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State.
第四十九條 本法自１９９５年７月１日起施行。
Article 49 This Law shall come into force as of July 1, 1995.
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