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      常用臨床醫(yī)學(xué)英文術(shù)語

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      常用臨床醫(yī)學(xué)英文術(shù)語
        diseases 疾病
        acute diseases 急性病
        advanced diseases 病沉重期,晚期疾病
        chronic diseases慢性病
        communicable diseases 傳染病
        complicating diseases 并發(fā)病
        congenital diseases 先天性疾病
        acquired diseases 后天性疾病
        contagious diseases接觸性傳染病
        endemic diseases 地方病
        epidemic diseases 流行病
        functional diseases 機能病、官能病
        infectious diseases 傳染病
        inherited diseases 遺傳病
        malignant diseases惡性病
        nutritional diseases 營養(yǎng)病
        occupation diseases 職業(yè)病
        organic diseases 器質(zhì)性病
        paroxysmal diseases 陣發(fā)性病
        periodical diseases 周期病
        primary(principal)diseases原發(fā)(主導(dǎo))病
        secondary diseases 繼發(fā)病
        sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病
        terminal diseases 絕癥
        wasting diseases 消耗性疾病chief complaint 主訴
        clinical manifestation 臨床表現(xiàn)
        delivery history 分娩史
        etiology病因?qū)W
        family history 家族史
        history, medical history 病史
        precipitating(induced)誘因
        marital status婚姻狀況
        menstrual history 月經(jīng)史
        menarche 初潮
        menopause閉經(jīng)
        past history既往史
        pathogenesis 發(fā)病機制
        personal history 個人史symptoms 癥狀
        cardinal symptom 主要癥狀
        classical symptom 典型癥狀
        concomitant symptom 伴發(fā)癥狀
        constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身癥狀
        indirect symptom 間接癥狀
        induced symptom 誘發(fā)癥狀
        local symptom 局部癥狀
        mental symptom精神癥狀
         symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 綜合癥,癥候群
        signs體征
        antecedent 前驅(qū)征
        assident (accessory) 副征
        commemorative 后遺癥
        sign of death 死征
        diagnostic診斷征
        sign of disease 病征
        subjective 自覺征,主觀征
        vein sign靜脈征vital sign 生命體征
        body length (height of the body) 身高
        body weight 體重
        barrel chest 桶狀胸
        cachexia 惡病質(zhì)
        compulsive position 被動體位
        critical facies 病危面容
        emaciation 消瘦
        enophthalmos 眼球下陷
        entropion 瞼內(nèi)翻
        exophthalmos 眼球突出
        flushed face 面色潮紅
        gain (loss) in weight 增加(減輕)體重
        lock-jaw 牙關(guān)緊閉
        lordosis 脊柱前凸
        nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇動
        nystagmus 眼震
        obesity 肥胖
        pallor 蒼白
        scolisis 脊柱側(cè)凸
        agitation 焦急不安
        debility, weakness 虛弱
        diaphoresis 出汗,大量出汗
        dizziness, vertigo 眩暈
        lassitude, fatigue 無力,倦怠
        malaise 不適
        night sweat 盜汗
        numbness 麻木
        rigor, chill 寒冷,發(fā)冷
        perspiration, sweating 出汗
        pruritus, itching 癢,
        somasthenia 軀體無力
        tingling 麻刺感abscess 膿腫
        acidosis 酸中毒
        adhesion 粘連
        alkalosis 堿中毒
        allergy 過敏
        coagulation defect 凝血不良
        congestion 充血
        dehydration 脫水
        distention 膨脹
        edema 水腫
        embolism 栓塞,栓塞形成
        fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水電解質(zhì)紊亂
        gangrene 壞疽
        hematoma 血腫
        hemorrhage, bleeding 出血
        infarction 梗塞,梗死
        infection 傳染
        inflammation 炎癥
        ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒
        metastasis 轉(zhuǎn)移
        perforation 穿孔
        necrosis 壞死
        shock 休克
        response 反應(yīng),應(yīng)答
        reaction 反應(yīng),感應(yīng)
        thrombosis 血栓形成
        ulceration 潰瘍fever, pyrexia 發(fā)燒,發(fā)熱
        continuous fever 稽留熱
        intermittent fever 間歇熱
        low-grade fever 低熱
        remittent fever 馳張熱
        relapsing fever 回歸熱pain 痛
        burning pain 灼痛
        chest(flank,…) pain 胸(脅腹…)痛
        cramp-like pain 痙攣性痛
        dull, diffused pain 彌漫性鈍痛
        pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛
        radiating pain (pain radiating to…) 放射性痛(放射到…疼痛)angina 絞痛
        cardiac angina 心絞痛
        backache 背痛
        colic 絞痛,急腹痛
        earache 耳痛
        headache 頭痛
        neuralgia 神經(jīng)痛
        migraine 偏頭痛
        rebound tenderness 反跳痛
        somatalgia 軀體痛
        sore throat 咽喉痛
        stomachache 胃痛
        toothache 牙痛
        bloody sputum 帶血的痰
        cough 咳嗽
        dry cough 干咳
        expectoration 咳痰
        expectoration of blood 咳血
        hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧
        apnea 呼吸暫停,窒息
        asthma 氣喘,哮喘
        cheyne stokes respiration 切-斯氏呼吸,潮式呼吸
        dyspnea 呼吸困難
        hyperpnea hyperventilation 過度呼吸,換氣過度
        hypopnea 呼吸不全, 呼吸淺表
        hypoxia 低氧,缺氧
        orthopnea 端坐呼吸
        respiratory arrest 呼吸停止
        suffocation 窒息
        tachypnea 呼吸急促
        fetid breath 口臭
        fruity brea th 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常,心律不齊
        atelectasis 肺不張,肺膨脹不全
        cardiac arrest 心搏驟停
        cardiac hypertrophy 心臟肥大
        cyanosis 發(fā)紺,青紫
        distension of jugular vein 頸靜脈怒張
        extrasystole 期外收縮
        gallop rhythm 奔馬律
        hemopleura 血胸
        hepatojugular reflux 肝頸靜脈回流
        hypovolemia (循環(huán))血容量減少
        palpitation 心悸
        tachycardia 心動過速
        pneumothorax 氣胸
        thrill 震顫
        absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失
        dull sound 濁音
        hyperresonant 鼓音
        rale 啰音
        rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音,干啰音
        wheeze 哮鳴音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振,厭食
        dysphagia 吞咽困難
        eructation 噯氣
        belching 噯氣
        flatulence 氣脹
        flatus 腸胃氣,屁
        gaseous distention 胃脹氣
        hematemesis 嘔血
        hiccough, hiccup 打呃,呃逆
        nausea 惡心
        pyrosis 胃灼熱
        regurgitation 反胃,回流
        thirsty 口渴
        vomiting 嘔吐
        anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂
        ascites 腹水
        board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板狀腹
        decreased tactile fremitus 觸覺性震顫減弱
        exophageal varices 食管靜脈曲張
        fistula 瘺,瘺管
        hemorrhoid 痔
        hernia 疝
        hepatomegaly 肝腫大
        intussusception 腸套疊
        jaundice 黃疸
        muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌衛(wèi)
        peristalsis 蠕動
        loss of peristalsis 蠕動消失
        mass peristalsis 總?cè)鋭?br>   retrograde (reversed) peristalsis 逆蠕動
        prolapse 脫垂
        prolapse of anus 脫肛
        rectal prolapse 直腸脫垂,脫肛
        volvulus 腸扭轉(zhuǎn)calculus 結(jié)石, 石
        biliary calculus 膽結(jié)石
        vesical calculus 膀胱結(jié)石constipation 便秘
        defecation 排便
        diarrhea 腹瀉
        incontinence of feces 大便失禁
        hematochezia 便血
        fecal impaction 大便嵌塞
        occult blood 潛血
        painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牽動
        clay colored stools 陶土色便
        dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡樣嘔吐物
        fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 嘔糞,吐糞
        foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 惡臭脂肪便,脂肪痢
        scanty and hard stools 便少而硬
        tarry (black) stools 柏油樣便anuria 無尿
        burning sensation no urination 排尿時的灼燒感
        dysurea 排尿困難,尿痛
        enuresis, bed wetting 遺尿
        frequency of urination 尿頻
        micturation 排尿
        uresis, urination, voiding 排尿
        nocturia 夜尿
        oliguria 少尿
        polyuria 多尿
        tenesmus 里急后重
        vesical tenesmus 排尿時里急后重
        uremia coma 尿毒癥昏迷
        urgency of urination 尿急
        urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿
        chyluria 乳糜尿
        cylindruia 管型尿
        glycosuria 糖尿
        hematuria 血尿
        ketonuria 酮尿
        pneumatinuria 氣尿
        proteinuria 蛋白尿
        pyuria 膿尿amenorrhea 經(jīng)閉,無月經(jīng)
        dysmenorrhea 痛經(jīng)
        menorrhagia 月經(jīng)過多
        lochia 惡露
        menorrhea 行經(jīng),月經(jīng)過多
        menstruation 月經(jīng)
        uterine contraction 子宮收縮blotch 斑點
        bruise 挫傷,青腫
        acne 痤瘡,粉刺
        desquamation 脫皮,脫屑
        ecchymosis 瘀斑
        loss of skin turgor 失去皮膚充盈
        nevus 痣
        papule 丘疹
        petechia 瘀點,瘀斑
        pigmentation 色素沉著
        pustule 膿皰
        purpura 紫癲
        red nodule 紅結(jié)節(jié)
        roseola 玫瑰疹
        scar 傷疤
        senile plaque 老人斑
        spider anaioma 蛛形痣
        subcutaneous nodule 皮下結(jié)節(jié)
        urticaria 蕁麻疹
        vesicle 小水皰
        vitiligo 白斑blindness 失明
        blurred vision, visual disturbance 視力模糊
        impaired vision 視力下降
        lacrimation 流淚
        papilledema 視神經(jīng)乳頭水腫
        photophobia 畏光,羞明
        retinal detachment 視網(wǎng)膜脫離deafness 聾
        hearing loss 聽力喪失
        tinnitus 耳鳴
        epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血
        impaired smelling 嗅覺障礙
        nasal discharge 鼻涕
        nasal obstruction 鼻塞
        sneeze 噴嚏
        snore 打鼾
        aphonia, loss of voice 失音癥
        hoarseness 嘶啞
        gum bleeding 齒齦出血
        herpes labialis 唇皰疹,感冒瘡
        koplik's spots 科普利克斑
        lead line of the gum 齦鉛線
        salivation, drooling 流口水
        straw-berry tongue 草莓舌
        tremulous tongue 舌震顫atrophy 萎縮
        contracture 攣縮
        deformity 畸形,變形
        dislocation 脫位
        fracture 骨折
        closed (simple)fracture 無創(chuàng)骨折,單純性骨折
        comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折
        compound fracture 哆開(開放性)骨折
        knock-knee 膝外翻
        opisthotonos 角弓反張
        prosthesis 假體
        spasm 痙攣
        tetany (?。娭?,手足抽搦
        wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失語
        ataxia 共濟失調(diào)
        coma 昏迷
        consciousness 知覺,意識
        convulsion 抽搐,驚厥
        delirium 譫妄
        delusion 妄想
        faint 昏厥
        hallucination 幻覺
        hemiplegia 偏癱
        increased intracranial pressure 顱內(nèi)壓增高
        insanity 精神錯亂
        loss of orientation 定向喪失
        mania 躁狂
        memory defects, amnesia 記憶缺損,遺忘癥
        paraplegia 截癱,下身麻痹
        projectile vomiting 噴射性嘔吐
        somnolence, (lethargy) 昏睡,嗜睡
        stupor 木僵,昏呆
        tetraplegia 四肢癱瘓
        unconsciousness 失去知覺
        yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象
        cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ……) crisis
        腦(熱、血性、溶血、高血壓、甲狀腺中毒…)危象
        failure 衰竭,故障
        central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure
        中樞(循環(huán)、心力、心肌、周圍循環(huán)、充血性、腎、呼吸…)衰竭diagnosis診斷
        auscultation 聽診
        inspection 視診
        palpation觸診
        percussion 叩診
        laboratory examination 實驗室檢查
        physical examination 體格檢查
        rectal (vaginal) touch 直腸(陰道)指診
        impression 印象
        tentative diagnosis 暫定診斷
        differential diagnosis 鑒別診斷
        final diagnosis 最后診斷
        prognosis 預(yù)后
        prescription 處方
        incubation (latent) period 潛伏期
        prodromal stage 前驅(qū)期
        incipient stage 初期
        quiescent stage 靜止期
        alleviation 減輕,緩和
        remission 緩解
        attack 發(fā)作
        convalescence (recovery) stage 恢復(fù)期
        rehabilitation 康復(fù)
        relapse 復(fù)發(fā)
        sudden death 猝死
        moribund 瀕死的
        course of the disease 病程
        course of the treatment 療程
        indication 適應(yīng)癥,指征
        complication 并發(fā)癥
        contraindication 禁忌癥
        side-effect 副作用
        sequel (sequela), after effect 后遺癥
        therapies 治療方法
        acupuncture therapy 針刺療法
        block therapy 封閉療法
        chemical therpy (chemo-therapy) 化學(xué)療法
        combined therapy 綜合療法
        conservative therapy 保守療法
        constitutional therapy 全身療法
        dietetic therapy 飲食療法
        operative treatment 手術(shù)療法
        palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息療法
        physical therapy 物理療法
        psychotherapy 精神療法
        radical treatment 根治
        radio-therapy 放射性療法
        supporting treatment 支持療法
        symptomatic treatment對癥療法
        cardiac massage 心臟按摩
        cardiac pacing 心臟起博
        electrotherapy 電療法
        electroshock treatment 電休克療法
        hemodialysis 血液透析
        hyperbaric therapy 高壓氧療法
        insulin-shock treatment 胰島素休克療法
        light therapy 光療法
        therapeutic gymnastics 醫(yī)療體育


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